BATTERY THEORYBatteriesDischargeandChargingofLead-AcidBatteryIn a lead-acid battery, two types of lead are acted upon electro-chemically by an electrolyticsolution of diluted sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The positive plate consists of lead peroxide (PbO2), andthe negative plate is sponge lead (Pb), shown in Figure 4.Figure 4 Chemical Action During DischargeWhen a lead-acid battery is discharged, the electrolyte divides into H2 and SO4. The H2 willcombine with some of the oxygen that is formed on the positive plate to produce water (H2O),and thereby reduces the amount of acid in the electrolyte. The sulfate (SO4) combines with thelead (Pb) of both plates, forming lead sulphate (PbSO4), as shown in Equation (4-1).(4-1)PbO2Pb2H2SO4discharge2PbSO42H2OES-04 Page 6 Rev. 0
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