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Open System Control Volume
Figure 20    Typical Steam Plant Cycle

Thermodynamics Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Volume 1 of 3
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Thermodynamics FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS This example demonstrates that Figure 19    T-s Diagram with Rankine Cycles potential and kinetic energy terms are insignificant  for  a  turbine,  since  the Dpe  and  Dke  values  are  less  than  1 Btu/lbm. When   the   system   (the   fluid   being studied) changes its properties (temperature,  pressure,  volume)  from one value to another as a consequence of  work  or  heat  or  internal  energy exchange, then it is said that the fluid has   gone   through   a   "process." In some    processes,    the    relationships between   pressure,   temperature,   and volume are specified as the fluid goes from   one   thermodynamic   state   to another.  The most common processes are  those  in  which  the  temperature, pressure,  or  volume  is  held  constant during  the  process.    These  would  be classified  as  isothermal,  isobaric,  or isovolumetric  processes,  respectively. Iso  means  "constant  or  one."    If  the fluid passes through various processes and   then   eventually   returns   to   the same state it began with, the system is said    to    have    undergone    a    cyclic process.  One such cyclic process used is the Rankine cycle, two examples of which are shown in Figure 19. The processes that comprise the cycle are described below. ab: Liquid   is   compressed with    no    change    in entropy (by ideal pump). bc: Constant pressure transfer of heat in the boiler.   Heat is added to the compressed liquid, two-phase, and superheat states. cd: Constant entropy expansion with shaft work output (in ideal turbine). da: Constant pressure transfer of heat in the sink.   Unavailable heat is rejected to the heat sink (condenser). Rev. 0 Page 61 HT-01







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