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Probability - h1014v2_74
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Mathematics Volume 2 of 2
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Higher Concepts of Mathematics STATISTICS Solution: First,  determine  the  number  of  possible  outcomes.    In  this  case,  there  are  6  possible outcomes. From the stated problem, the roll is a success only if a 3 is  rolled.   There is only 1 success outcome and 5 failures.   Therefore, Probability = 1/(1+5) = 1/6 In calculating probability, the probability of a series of independent events equals the product of probability of the individual events. Example: Using a die, what is the probability of rolling two 3s in a row? Solution: From  the  previous  example,  there  is  a  1/6  chance  of  rolling  a  three  on  a  single  throw. Therefore, the chance of rolling two threes is: 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/36 one in 36 tries. Example: An elementary game is played by rolling a die and drawing a ball from a bag containing 3 white and 7 black balls.   The player wins whenever he rolls a number less than 4 and draws a black ball.   What is the probability of winning in the first attempt? Solution: There are 3 successful outcomes for rolling less than a 4, (i.e. 1,2,3).   The probability of rolling a 3 or less is: 3/(3+3) = 3/6 = 1/2 or 50%. Rev. 0 Page 9 MA-05







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