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Tensile Stress
Stress Summary

Material Science Volume 1 of 2
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Properties of Metals DOE-HDBK-1017/1-93 STRESS Assessment  of  mechanical  properties  is  made  by  addressing  the  three  basic  stress  types. Because tensile and compressive loads produce stresses that act across a plane, in a direction perpendicular (normal) to the plane, tensile and compressive stresses are called normal stresses. The shorthand designations are as follows. For tensile stresses:   "+SN" (or "SN") or "s" (sigma) For compressive stresses:   "-SN" or "-s" (minus sigma) The ability of a material to react to compressive stress  or pressure is called compressibility. For example, metals  and liquids  are incompressible, but gases  and vapors  are compressible. The shear stress is equal to the force divided by the area of the face parallel to the direction in which the force acts, as shown in Figure 1(c). Two  types  of  stress  can  be  present  simultaneously  in  one  plane,  provided  that  one  of  the stresses is shear stress.  Under certain conditions, different basic stress type combinations may be  simultaneously  present  in  the  material.    An  example  would  be  a  reactor  vessel  during operation.  The wall has tensile stress at various locations due to the temperature and pressure of  the  fluid  acting  on  the  wall.    Compressive  stress  is  applied  from  the  outside  at  other locations  on  the  wall  due  to  outside  pressure,  temperature,  and  constriction  of  the  supports associated with the vessel.  In this situation, the tensile and compressive stresses are considered principal stresses.   If present, shear stress will act at a 90 angle to the principal stress. Rev. 0 Page 5 MS-02







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