FILTERS AND STRAINERSDOE-HDBK-1018/2-93Miscellaneous Mechanical ComponentsFILTERS AND STRAINERSWhen it is necessary to remove suspended solids from a liquid, the usual methodis to filter or strain the liquid. The two methods differ only in the size of themesh being used. Filtering removes the very small solids, and straining removesthe larger solids. Because filtering and straining are for all practical purposesthe same, this chapter will differentiate the two terms on the basis of applicationof the filter or strainer.EO 1.16DESCRIBE each of the following types of strainers and filters,including an example of typical use.a.Cartridge filtersd.Bucket strainerb.Precoated filterse.Duplex strainerc.Deep-bed filtersEO 1.17EXPLAIN the application and operation of a strainer or filterbackwash.IntroductionFiltration is a process used to remove suspended solids from a solution. Other processes suchas demineralization remove ions or dissolved ions. Different filters and strainers are used fordifferent applications. In general, the filter passage must be small enough to catch the suspendedsolids but large enough that the system can operate at normal system pressures and flows. Filtersand strainers are used throughout most DOE facilities. They are used in hydraulic systems, oilsystems, cooling systems, liquid waste disposal, water purification, and reactor coolant systems.CartridgeFiltersFigure 20 illustrates a typical multi-cartridge filter. The cartridges are cylinders and usuallyconsist of a fiber yarn wound around a perforated metal core. The liquid being filtered is forcedthrough the yarn, which is approximately 1/2 inch thick, and then through the perforations in themetal core to the filter outlet, which can be at either end. A cartridge filter may include severalcartridges, the exact number depending on the liquid flow rate that must be handled.ME-05Rev. 0Page 40
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