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HYDRAULICS
Hazards

Mechanical Science Volume 2 of 2
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Miscellaneous Mechanical Components DOE-HDBK-1018/2-93 HYDRAULICS Example 1: In a hydraulic system, the oil pressure at the inlet to the cylinder is 1500 psi, and the  area  of  the  piston  over  which  the  oil  pressure  acts  is  two  square  inches. Calculate the force exerted on the piston. Solution: Since F = P x A, the force of the oil on the piston is calculated as follows. F   =   1500 lbf/in.2 x 2 in.2 =   3000 lbf Example 2: A hydraulic valve requires a force of 1848 lbf to be opened.  The piston area is 3 square inches.  How much pressure does the hydraulic fluid have to exert for the valve to move? Solution: Since F = P x A, then . P      F A P                1848 lbf 3 in.2 P    616 lbf/in.2 Hydraulic  Operation The  operation  of  a  typical  hydraulic  system  is  illustrated  in  Figure  8.    Oil  from  a  tank  or reservoir flows through a pipe into a pump.   Often a filter is provided on the pump suction to remove impurities from the oil.  The pump, usually a gear-type, positive displacement pump, can be driven by an electric motor, air motor, gas or steam turbine, or an internal combustion engine. The  pump increases the pressure of  the oil.   The actual  pressure developed depends upon the design of the system. Most hydraulic systems have some method of preventing overpressure.  As seen in Figure 8, one method of pressure control involves returning hydraulic oil to the oil reservoir.   The pressure control box shown on Figure 8 is usually a relief valve that provides a means of returning oil to the reservoir upon overpressurization. Rev. 0 ME-05 Page 11







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