Geometry
BASIC CONCEPTS OF GEOMETRY
BASIC CONCEPTS OF GEOMETRY
This chapter covers the basic language and terminology of plane geometry.
EO 1.1
IDENTIFY a given angle as either:
a.
Straight
b.
Acute
c.
Right
d.
Obtuse
EO 1.2
STATE
the
definitions
of
complimentary
and
supplementary angles.
Geometry is one of the oldest branches of mathematics. Applications of geometric constructions
were made centuries before the mathematical principles on which the constructions were based
were recorded. Geometry is a mathematical study of points, lines, planes, closed flat shapes, and
solids. Using any one of these alone, or in combination with others, it is possible to describe,
design, and construct every visible object.
The purpose of this section is to provide a foundation of geometric principles and constructions
on which many practical problems depend for solution.
Terms
There are a number of terms used in geometry.
1.
A plane is a flat surface.
2.
Space is the set of all points.
3.
Surface is the boundary of a solid.
4.
Solid is a three-dimensional geometric figure.
5.
Plane geometry is the geometry of planar figures (two dimensions). Examples
are: angles, circles, triangles, and parallelograms.
6.
Solid geometry is the geometry of three-dimensional figures. Examples are:
cubes, cylinders, and spheres.
Lines
A line is the path formed by a moving point. A length of a straight line is the shortest distance
between two nonadjacent points and is made up of collinear points. A line segment is a portion
of a line. A ray is an infinite set of collinear points extending from one end point to infinity.
A set of points is noncollinear if the points are not contained in a line.
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