Fundamentals of Chemistry
DOE-HDBK-1015/1-93
ACIDS, BASES, SALTS, AND pH
Rev. 0
CH-01
Page 53
Acids, Bases, Salts, and pH Summary
The following terms are defined in this chapter:
Acid - substances that produce hydrogen (H ) in water solutions
+
Base - substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH ) in water solutions
-
Salt - a compound composed of positive and negative ions held together
with an ionic bond
Alkalies - certain soluble salts, principally sodium, potassium, magnesium
and calcium, that have the property of combining with acids to form
neutral salts
pH - the negative logarithm of the hydrogen concentration [H ] in
+
moles/liter
pOH - the negative logarithm of the hydroxyl concentration [OH ] in
-
moles/liter
Dissociation constant of water (K ) - the product of ionic
w
concentrations, ([H ] [OH ]); at 25?C K = 1 x 10
+
-
-14
w
The formula for pH is: pH = -log [H ]+
Therefore, [H ] = 10
+
-pH
The formula for pOH is: pOH = -log [OH ]-
Therefore, [OH] = 10 -pOH
Summary
The important information in this chapter is summarized below.
