Fundamentals of ChemistryDOE-HDBK-1015/1-93THE PERIODIC TABLERev. 0CH-01Page 13TABLE 3 (Cont.)Description of the Properties of the First Twenty ElementsLithiumLi36.939Silvery white, soft metal, very reactive chemically, forms Li O and2LiCl readily.BerylliumBe49.012Grey metal, much harder than lithium, fairly reactive chemically,forms BeO and BeCl easily.2BoronB510.811Yellow or brown non-metal, very hard element, not very reactive, butwill form B O , and BCl2 3 3CarbonC612.011Black non-metal, brittle, non-reactive at room temperature. FormsCO and CCl .2 4NitrogenN714.007Colorless gas, not very reactive, will form N O and NH .2 5 3OxygenO815.999Colorless gas, moderately reactive,will combine with most elements,forms CO , MgO, etc.2FluorineF918.998Green-yellow gas, extremely reactive, irritating to smell,forms NaF, MgF .2NeonNe1020.183Colorless gas, very non-reactive chemically.SodiumNa1122.990Silvery soft metal, very reactive chemically, forms Na O and NaCl.2MagnesiumMg1224.312Silvery white metal, much harder than sodium. Fairly reactive, formsMgO and MgCl .2AluminumAl1326.982Silvery white metal, like magnesium but not as reactive. FormsAl O and AlCl .2 3 3SiliconSi1428.086Gray, non-metallic, non-reactive at room temperature, forms SiO2and SiCl .4PhosphorusP1530.974Black, red, violet, or yellow solid, low melting point, quite reactive,forms P O and PCl .2 5 3SulfurS1632.064Yellow solid with low melting point. Moderately reactive, combineswith most elements, forms SO , MgS, etc.2ChlorineCl1735.453Greenish-yellow gas, extremely reactive, irritating to smell, formsNaCl, MgCl .2ArgonAr1839.948Colorless gas, very non-reactive chemically.PotassiumK1939.102Silver soft metal, very reactive chemically, forms K O and KCl.2CalciumCa2040.080Silver-white metal, much harder than potassium, fairly reactive,forms CaO and CaCl .2
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