DOE-HDBK-1015/2-93Hazards of Chemicals and GasesFLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSRev. 0CH-05Page 43Flammable and Combustible Liquids Summary (Cont.)The reasons for and techniques used in bonding and grounding of flammable liquidcontainers are:Static electricity is generated by the contact and separation of dissimilar material.The principal hazards created by static electricity are those of fire and explosion,which are caused by spark discharges. A spark between two bodies occurs whenthere is a poor electrical conductive path between them. Bonding is done toeliminate a difference in potential between objects. Grounding is done to eliminatea difference in potential between an object and ground.Four sources of ignition concerning flammable liquids include the following:All sources of static electricity (induce sparks)Improper type of electrical equipment for these atmospheres or poorly maintainedelectrical equipmentFlame-producing operations (smoking, grinding or welding)Improper hand tools that cause sparksThe health hazards associated with flammable and/or combustible liquids are:Fire and explosionsSkin irritation from the solvent action of many flammable liquidsVapors gather in low points or enclosed areas and cause a toxic environment
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