DOE-HDBK-1015/2-93
Hazards of Chemicals and Gases
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
Rev. 0
CH-05
Page 43
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Summary (Cont.)
The reasons for and techniques used in bonding and grounding of flammable liquid
containers are:
Static electricity is generated by the contact and separation of dissimilar material.
The principal hazards created by static electricity are those of fire and explosion,
which are caused by spark discharges. A spark between two bodies occurs when
there is a poor electrical conductive path between them. Bonding is done to
eliminate a difference in potential between objects. Grounding is done to eliminate
a difference in potential between an object and ground.
Four sources of ignition concerning flammable liquids include the following:
All sources of static electricity (induce sparks)
Improper type of electrical equipment for these atmospheres or poorly maintained
electrical equipment
Flame-producing operations (smoking, grinding or welding)
Improper hand tools that cause sparks
The health hazards associated with flammable and/or combustible liquids are:
Fire and explosions
Skin irritation from the solvent action of many flammable liquids
Vapors gather in low points or enclosed areas and cause a toxic environment
