Lead-Acid Storage BatteriesDOE-HDBK-1084-95INTRODUCTIONRev. 0Page 1BatteriesINTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this Primer is to provide operation and maintenance personnel with theinformation necessary to safely operate and maintain lead-acid storage battery systems. There are many hazards associated with lead-acid battery operation including acid burn, fire,explosion, and electrical shock. An understanding of the operating principles and safetyprecautions for storage batteries will help prevent personal injury and damage to facilities.Upon completion of this Primer the reader should be able to do the following:•Identify the differences between primary and secondary batteries.•Identify the major types of lead-acid storage batteries.•Define the following terms: cell, battery, electrolyte, separator, terminal, electrode,thermal runaway, gassing.•Identify the active materials in the lead-acid cell.•Describe the effects of temperature and discharge rate on battery capacity and life.•Identify industry and government standards for maintenance, testing, replacement,sizing, and installation of lead-acid batteries.•Identify the three most common applications of lead-acid batteries.•Identify and describe four charging techniques.•Identify safety precautions for operating and maintaining lead-acid batteries.•Identify federal regulations governing lead-acid battery disposal.•Identify the two basic types of "maintenance-free" batteries.•Describe the effect that overcharging has on gassing and thermal runaway.
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