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LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW
Average (Bulk) Velocity

Thermodynamics Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Volume 3 of 3
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LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW Fluid Flow Flow Velocity Profiles Not all fluid particles travel at the same velocity within a pipe.   The shape of the velocity curve (the  velocity  profile  across  any  given  section  of  the  pipe)  depends  upon  whether  the  flow  is laminar or turbulent.   If the flow in a pipe is laminar, the velocity distribution at a cross section will be parabolic in shape with the maximum velocity at the center being about twice the average velocity in the pipe.  In turbulent flow, a fairly flat velocity distribution exists across the section of pipe, with the result that the entire fluid flows at a given single value.  Figure 5 helps illustrate the above ideas.   The velocity of the fluid in contact with the pipe wall is essentially zero and increases the further away from the wall. Figure 5    Laminar and Turbulent Flow Velocity Profiles Note from Figure 5 that the velocity profile depends upon the surface condition of the pipe wall. A smoother wall results in a more uniform velocity profile than a rough pipe wall. HT-03 Page 18 Rev. 0







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