METHODS OF PRODUCING VOLTAGE (ELECTRICITY) Basic Electrical TheoryFigure 11 Voltaic Chemical CellExample: A battery can maintain a potential difference between its positive and negativeterminals by chemical action. Various types of cells and batteries will be studiedin more detail in Module 4, Batteries.StaticElectricityFigure 12 Static ElectricityAtoms with the proper number of electrons inorbit around them are in a neutral state, or havea "zero charge." A body of matter consisting ofthese atoms will neither attract nor repel othermatter that is in its vicinity. If electrons areremoved from the atoms in this body of matter,as happens due to friction when one rubs a glassrod with a silk cloth, it will become electricallypositive as shown in Figure 12. If this body ofmatter (e.g., glass rod) comes near, but not incontact with, another body having a normalcharge, an electric force is exerted between thembecause of their unequal charges. The existenceof this force is referred to as static electricityorelectrostatic force.ES-01 Page 20 Rev. 0
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