PumpsDOE-HDBK-1018/1-93CENTRIFUGAL PUMPSCENTRIFUGAL PUMPSCentrifugal pumps are the most common type of pumps found in DOE facilities.Centrifugal pumps enjoy widespread application partly due to their ability tooperate over a wide range of flow rates and pump heads.EO 1.1STATE the purposes of the following centrifugal pumpcomponents:a.Impellerb.Volutec.Diffuserd.Packinge.Lantern Ringf.Wearing ringEO 1.2Given a drawing of a centrifugal pump, IDENTIFY thefollowing major components:a.Pump casingb.Pump shaftc.Impellerd.Volutee.Stuffing boxf.Stuffing box glandg.Packingh.Lantern Ringi.Impeller wearing ringj.Pump casing wearing ringIntroductionCentrifugal pumps basically consist of a stationary pump casing and an impeller mounted on arotating shaft. The pump casing provides a pressure boundary for the pump and containschannels to properly direct the suction and discharge flow. The pump casing has suction anddischarge penetrations for the main flow path of the pump and normally has small drain and ventfittings to remove gases trapped in the pump casing or to drain the pump casing for maintenance.Figure 1 is a simplified diagram of a typical centrifugal pump that shows the relative locationsof the pump suction, impeller, volute, and discharge. The pump casing guides the liquid fromthe suction connection to the center, or eye, of the impeller. The vanes of the rotating impellerimpart a radial and rotary motion to the liquid, forcing it to the outer periphery of the pumpcasing where it is collected in the outer part of the pump casing called the volute. The voluteis a region that expands in cross-sectional area as it wraps around the pump casing. The purposeof the volute is to collect the liquid discharged from the periphery of the impeller at highvelocity and gradually cause a reduction in fluid velocity by increasing the flow area. Thisconverts the velocity head to static pressure. The fluid is then discharged from the pumpthrough the discharge connection. Rev. 0ME-03Page 1
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