Atomic and Nuclear PhysicsDOE-HDBK-1019/1-93ATOMIC NATURE OF MATTERATOMIC NATURE OF MATTERAll matter is composed of atoms. The atom is the smallest amount ofmatter that retains the properties of an element. Atoms themselves arecomposed of smaller particles, but these smaller particles no longer havethe same properties as the overall element.EO 1.1STATE the characteristics of the following atomic particles,including mass, charge, and location within the atom:a.Protonb.Neutronc.ElectronEO 1.2DESCRIBE the Bohr model of an atom.EO 1.3DEFINE the following terms:a.Nuclidec.Atomic numberb.Isotoped.Mass numberEO 1.4Given the standard AZX notation for a particular nuclide,DETERMINE the following:a.Number of protonsb.Number of neutronsc.Number of electronsEO 1.5DESCRIBE the three forces that act on particles within the nucleusand affect the stability of the nucleus.StructureofMatterEarly Greek philosophers speculated that the earth was made up of different combinations ofbasic substances, or elements. They considered these basic elements to be earth, air, water, andfire. Modern science shows that the early Greeks held the correct concept that matter consistsof a combination of basic elements, but they incorrectly identified the elements.Rev. 0Page 1NP-01
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