CHEMICAL BONDINGDOE-HDBK-1015/1-93Fundamentals of ChemistryCH-01Rev. 0Page 34Chemical Bonding SummaryThe following terms are defined in this chapter:An ionic bond occurs where one or more electrons are wholly transferredfrom one element to another, and the elements are held together by the forceof attraction due to the opposite polarity of the charge.The van der Waals forces are attractions between the molecules of nonpolarcovalent substances. These forces are generally believed to be caused by atemporary dipole, or unequal charge distribution, as electrons constantlymove about in an atom, ion, or molecule. A covalent bond is a bond in which one or more electrons from an atom pairoff with one or more electrons from another atom and form overlappingelectron shells in which both atoms share the paired electrons.Metallic bonds are bonds where the atoms achieve a more stableconfiguration by sharing the electrons in their outer shell with many otheratoms. A mixture is defined as two substances placed together in a container, in anyratio and the composition is not of fixed proportion.A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.A solute is defined as the substance that dissolves in a solution.A solvent is defined as the material that dissolves the other substance(s) ina solution. It is the dissolving medium.Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of a substance which willdissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.When the shared pair of electrons which are forming the bond in a molecule arenot shared equally, the resulting molecule will have a positive end and a negativeend. This type of bond is a polar covalent bond. The molecules are called dipolaror polar molecules.SummaryThe important information in this chapter is summarized below.
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