Fundamentals of ChemistryDOE-HDBK-1015/1-93CHEMICAL BONDINGRev. 0CH-01Page 31Figure 16 AldehydeAldehydesAldehydes are one of the oxidation products of the alcohols.Each of these compounds contain a carbonyl group (a carbonatom double bonded to an oxygen atom) as illustrated inFigure 16.The term "aldehyde" is a contraction of the term "alcoholdehydrogenation" indicating that two hydrogen atoms areremoved from an end carbon when aldehydes are preparedfrom primary alcohols. The functional group (-C=O) is alwaysat the end of the carbon chain. BasicChemicalLawsAs previously stated, all matter is composed of atoms that which are capable of uniting toform chemical compounds. The various forms of matter can be summarized from a chemicalpoint of view as follows.1.Molecules are groups or clusters of atoms held together firmly by means ofchemical bonding. There are two general types of molecules.a.Molecule of an element - Two single atoms of the same element, incertain cases, can become fastened to one another by a chemical bond toform a molecule. Examples of this are hydrogen (H ), oxygen (O ), and2 2bromine (Br ). Most gaseous elements exist as molecules of two atoms.2b.Molecules of a compound - A compound contains at least two differentkinds of atoms. Molecules are the ultimate particles of chemicalcompounds. Examples of compounds are hydrogen chloride (HCl),water (H O), methane (CH ), and ammonia (NH ).2 4 32.Elements are substances that cannot be decomposed by ordinary types ofchemical change nor made by chemical union.3.Compounds are substances containing more than one constituent element andhaving properties different from those of the individual elements. Thecomposition of a specific compound is always definite.4.Mixtures consist of two or more substances intermingled with no constantpercentage composition. Each component retains its original properties.
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