DFInfluent concentration, conductivity, orradioactivityEffluent concentration, conductivity, or radioactivityDFInfluent concentrationEffluent concentrationDF15 ppm Cl0.1 ppm ClDF150DFInfluent radioactivityEffluent radioactivityDF2.8 × 102 µCi/ml1.0 × 104µCi/mlDF280WATER TREATMENT PROCESSESDOE-HDBK-1015/2-93Principles of Water TreatmentCH-04Rev. 0Page 10The ion exchange process is reversible. If too much solution is passed through the ionexchanger (that is, the capacity of the resin has been exceeded) the exchange may reverse, andundesirable ions or other substances that were previously removed, will be returned to thesolution at the effluent. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically monitor the performance ofthe ion exchanger and either replace or regenerate the resin when indicated. Ion exchangerperformance is measured by comparing the solution concentration, conductivity, or radioactivityat the influent and effluent. The parameter measured depends upon the purpose of the ionexchanger. The term normally applied to ion exchanger effectiveness is decontamination factor(DF), which is defined as a ratio of the concentration (or activity) of the fluid at the inletcompared to the concentration (or activity) at the effluent, which expresses the effectivenessof an ion exchange process. Example 1:An ion exchanger influent contains 15 ppm chloride (Cl). Effluent chloride is measuredat 0.1 ppm. What is the DF of this ion exchanger?Solution:Example 2:Reactor coolant activity entering the purification ion exchanger equals 2.8 x 10 µCi/ml-2gross activity. Ion exchanger effluent activity taken at the same time and conditions ismeasured at 1.0 x 10 µCi/ml. What is the DF?-4Solution:
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