Diesel Engine FundamentalsDOE-HDBK-1018/1-93DIESEL ENGINESIn engines using sleeves, there are twoFigure 5 Diesel Engine Wet Cylinder Sleevetypes of sleeves, wet and dry. A drysleeve is surrounded by the metal ofthe block and does not come in directcontact with the engine's coolant(water). A wet sleeve comes in directcontact with the engine's coolant.Figure 5 provides an example of a wetsleeve. The volume enclosed by thesleeve or bore is called the combustionchamber and is the space where thefuel is burned.In either type of cylinder, sleeved orbored, the diameter of the cylinder iscalled the bore of the engine and isstated in inches. For example, thebore of a 350 cubic inch Chevroletgasoline engine is 4 inches. Most diesel engines are multi-cylinderengines and typically have theircylinders arranged in one of twoways, an in-line or a "V", although other combinations exits. In an in-line engine, as thename indicates, all the cylinders are in a row. In a "V" type engine the cylinders arearranged in two rows of cylinders set at an angle to each other that align to a commoncrankshaft. Each group of cylinders making up one side of the "V" is referred to as abank of cylinders.Figure 6 Piston and Piston RodPistonandPistonRingsThe piston transforms the energy ofthe expanding gasses intomechanical energy. The piston ridesin the cylinder liner or sleeve asshown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.Pistons are commonly made ofaluminum or cast iron alloys.To prevent the combustion gassesfrom bypassing the piston and tokeep friction to a minimum, eachpiston has several metal rings aroundit, as illustrated by Figure 6.Rev. 0ME-01Page 7
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