CHEMICAL BONDINGDOE-HDBK-1015/1-93Fundamentals of ChemistryCH-01Rev. 0Page 30Figure 13 AlkyneFigure 14 AromaticFigure 15 AlcoholAlkynesThe third of the aliphatic hydrocarbons are the alkynes. Thesecompounds are unsaturated like the alkenes. They contain twofewer hydrogens than the corresponding alkane, C H. Then 2n-2alkyne hydrocarbons contain a triple bond between at least oneset of carbon atoms as illustrated in Figure 13.AromaticsThe other broad class of hydrocarbons is the aromatichydrocarbon. Rather than being arranged in straight chains, asthe aliphatics are, these are cyclic formations such as inbenzene. The derivatives of cyclic hydrocarbons have pleasant(sometimes toxic) odors. The benzene in rubber cement is afamiliar odor. The cyclic compounds have alternating single -double bonds as illustrated in Figure 14.Aromatic hydrocarbons are very stable chemically, and actvery much like alkanes. They will undergo substitutionreactions rather than additions.AlcoholsAlcohol is an aliphatic hydrocarbon with a hydroxyl (OH)group substituting for one or more hydrogens as illustrated inFigure 15.The -OH functional group does not behave in an ionic mannerin the case of alcohols. The alcohols are molecular, not ionic,in nature. Alcohols are versatile compounds which are oftenused to make nearly every other kind of aliphatic compound.
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