solidheatsolutionsolidsolutionheatCH-01Rev. 0Page 36CHEMICAL EQUATIONSDOE-HDBK-1015/1-93Fundamentals of ChemistryCHEMICAL EQUATIONSThis chapter will discuss the methods of qualifying solutions. The balancingof the chemical equations will also be explained in this chapter.EO 2.7STATE Le Chatelier's principle.EO 2.8DEFINE the following terms:a.ppm c.Densityb.Molarityd.NormalityEO 2.9BALANCE chemical equations that combine elementsand/or compounds.LeChatelier'sPrincipleThe effect of temperature on solubility can be explained on the basis of Le Chatelier's Principle.Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a stress (for example, heat, pressure, concentration of onereactant) is applied to an equilibrium, the system will adjust, if possible, to minimize the effectof the stress. This principle is of value in predicting how much a system will respond to achange in external conditions. Consider the case where the solubility process is endothermic(heat added).An increase in temperature puts a stress on the equilibrium condition and causes it to shift tothe right. The stress is relieved because the dissolving process consumes some of the heat.Therefore, the solubility (concentration) increases with an increase in temperature. If theprocess is exothermic (heat given off).A temperature rise will decrease the solubility by shifting the equilibrium to the left.How much solute is dissolved in a solution is very important when the solution is being madefor a specific use. To say there is a little, a lot, or a bit would not be very accurate if a specificconcentration is required. There are a few common and accurate methods used to expressconcentration. These are density, molarity, normality, and parts per million.
Integrated Publishing, Inc. - A (SDVOSB) Service Disabled Veteran Owned Small Business