Structure of MetalsDOE-HDBK-1017/1-93BONDINGThe important information in this chapter is summarized below.Types of Bonds and Their CharacteristicsIonic bond - An atom with one or more electrons are wholly transferred from oneelement to another, and the elements are held together by the force of attractiondue to the opposite polarity of the charge.Covalent bond - An atom that needs electrons to complete its outer shell sharesthose electrons with its neighbor. Metallic bond - The atoms do not share or exchange electrons to bond together.Instead, many electrons (roughly one for each atom) are more or less free to movethroughout the metal, so that each electron can interact with many of the fixedatoms.Molecular bond - When neutral atoms undergo shifting in centers of their charge,they can weakly attract other atoms with displaced charges. This is sometimescalled the van der Waals bond.Hydrogen bond - This bond is similar to the molecular bond and occurs due to theease with which hydrogen atoms displace their charge.Order in MicrostructuresAmorphous microstructures lack sharply defined melting points and do not havean orderly arrangement of particles.Crystalline microstructures are arranged in three-dimensional arrays called lattices.Rev. 0Page 5MS-01
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