Valves DOE-HDBK-1018/2-93VALVE FUNCTIONS AND BASIC PARTSVALVE FUNCTIONS AND BASIC PARTSValves are the most common single piece of equipment found in DOE facilities.Although there are many types, shapes, and sizes of valves, they all have thesame basic parts. This chapter will review the common parts and functions of avalve.EO 1.1DESCRIBE the four basic types of flow control elementsemployed in valve design.EO 1.2DESCRIBE how valve stem leakage is controlled.EO 1.3Given a drawing of a valve, IDENTIFY the following:a.Bodyb.Bonnetc.Stemd.Actuatore.Packingf.Seatg.DiskIntroductionA valve is a mechanical device that controls the flow of fluid and pressure within a system orprocess. A valve controls system or process fluid flow and pressure by performing any of thefollowing functions:Stopping and starting fluid flowVarying (throttling) the amount of fluid flowControlling the direction of fluid flowRegulating downstream system or process pressureRelieving component or piping over pressureThere are many valve designs and types that satisfy one or more of the functions identifiedabove. A multitude of valve types and designs safely accommodate a wide variety of industrialapplications.Regardless of type, all valves have the following basic parts: the body, bonnet, trim (internalelements), actuator, and packing. The basic parts of a valve are illustrated in Figure 1.Rev. 0ME-04Page 1
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