Process Controls
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF FIGURES (Cont.)
Figure 20
Integral Flow Rate Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Figure 21
Reset Controller Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Figure 22
Response of Proportional Plus Reset Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Figure 23
Heat Exchanger Process System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Figure 24
Effects of Disturbance on Reverse Acting Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Figure 25
Derivative Output for a Constant Rate of Change Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Figure 26
Rate Control Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Figure 27
Response of Proportional Plus Rate Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Figure 28
Heat Exchanger Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Figure 29
Effect of Disturbance on Proportional Plus Rate
Reverse Acting Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Figure 30
PID Control Action Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Figure 31
PID Controller Response Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Figure 32
Typical Control Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Figure 33
Deviation Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Figure 34
Self-Balancing Control Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Figure 35
Pneumatic Actuator: Air-to-Close/Spring-to-Open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Figure 36
Pneumatic Actuator with Controller and Positioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Figure 37
Hydraulic Actuator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Figure 38
Electric Solenoid Actuator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Figure 39
Electric Motor Actuator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Rev. 0
Page v
IC-07
