FOUR BASIC ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
Review of Introductory Mathematics
Example 1:
Multiply 432 by 8.
Solution:
432
× 8
3,456
In multiplying the multiplier in the units column to the multiplicand, 8 x 2 = 16. A 6 is placed
under the units column, and 1 ten is carried. Then, 8 x 3 = 24, plus the 1 carried over equals
25.
A 5 is placed under the tens column, and 2 hundreds are carried over. Next, 8 x 4 = 32, plus
2 carried over, equals 34. A 4 is placed under the hundreds column and a 3 under the thousands
column.
Example 2:
What is the product of 176 x 59?
Solution:
176
x 59
1584 Multiplication by 9
880
Multiplication by 50
10384
Start by multiplying the digit in the units place of the multiplier, 9 x 6 = 54. A 4 is
placed under the units column, and 5 tens are carried over.
Next, 9 x 7 = 63, plus the 5 carried over, equals 68. An 8 is placed under the tens
column, and 6 hundreds are carried over. Then, 9 x 1 = 9, plus 6 carried over, equals 15.
A 5 is placed under the hundreds column and a 1 under the thousands column.
The digit in the tens place of the multiplier is multiplied now: 5 x 6 = 30. Since the 5
in 59 is in the tens column, the zero is placed under the tens column, and 3 tens are
carried over. Next, 5 x 7 = 35, plus the 3 carried over, equals 38. An 8 is placed under
the hundreds column, and 3 hundreds are carried over.
Then, 5 x 1 = 5, plus 3 carried over, equals 8. An 8 is placed under the thousands
column. The results of 176 multiplied by 9 and 50 are then added to give the final
product.
MA-01
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