THE PERIODIC TABLEDOE-HDBK-1015/1-93Fundamentals of ChemistryCH-01Rev. 0Page 22Periodic Table SummaryThe subdivisions of the periodic table are periods, groups, and classes. Thehorizontal rows are called periods. The vertical columns are called groups.The entire table consists of three classes: metals, non-metals, and semi-metals. The subdivisions of the periodic chart have been explained such that thestudent should be able to identify them if given a periodic table.Elements of the same group share certain physical and chemicalcharacteristics. Examples of the characteristics of several groups are listedbelow.Group 0 contains elements that are unreactive gases.Group IA contains elements that are chemically active soft metals.Group VIIA contains elements that are chemically activenonmetals.Groups IB through VIIB and VIII are called transition groups andelements found in them display properties of metals.The valenceof an atom is defined as the number of electrons an elementgains or loses, or the number of pairs of electrons it shares when it interactswith other elements.SummaryThe important information from this chapter is summarized below.
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