PHYSICAL PROPERTIESDOE-HDBK-1017/1-93Properties of MetalPHYSICAL PROPERTIESMaterial is selected for various applications in a reactor facility based on itsphysical and chemical properties. This chapter discusses the physical propertiesof material. Appendix A contains a discussion on the compatibility of tritium withvarious materials.EO 1.14DEFINE the following terms:a.Strengthb.Ultimate tensilestrengthc.Yield strengthd.Ductilitye.Malleabilityf.Toughnessg.HardnessEO 1.15IDENTIFY how slip effects the strength of a metal.EO 1.16DESCRIBE the effects on ductility caused by:a.Temperature changesb.Irradiationc.Cold workingEO 1.17IDENTIFY the reactor plant application for which highductility is desirable.Strengthis the ability of a material to resist deformation. The strength of a component isusually considered based on the maximum load that can be borne before failure is apparent. Ifunder simple tension the permanent deformation (plastic strain) that takes place in a componentbefore failure, the load-carrying capacity, at the instant of final rupture, will probably be lessthan the maximum load supported at a lower strain because the load is being applied over asignificantly smaller cross-sectional area. Under simple compression, the load at fracture willbe the maximum applicable over a significantly enlarged area compared with the cross-sectionalarea under no load. This obscurity can be overcome by utilizing a nominal stress figure for tension and shear. Thisis found by dividing the relevant maximum load by the original area of cross section of thecomponent. Thus, the strength of a material is the maximum nominal stress it can sustain. Thenominal stress is referred to in quoting the "strength" of a material and is always qualified bythe type of stress, such as tensile strength, compressive strength, or shear strength.MS-02Page 20Rev. 0
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